Performance-Driven Hand-Drawn Animation
Author(s): Ian Buck, Adam Finkelstein, Charles Jacobs, Allison W. Klein, David H. Salesin, Joshua E. Seims, Richard Szeliski, Kentaro Toyama.
Proceedings: 1st International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (NPAR'00), pp. 101--108, Annecy, France, June 05 - 07,
2000.
[BibTeX] 
Abstract:
We present a novel method for generating performance-driven,
“hand-drawn” animation in real-time. Given an annotated set of
hand-drawn faces for various expressions, our algorithm performs
multi-way morphs to generate real-time animation that mimics the
expressions of a user. Our system consists of a vision-based tracking
component and a rendering component. Together, they form
an animation system that can be used in a variety of applications,
including teleconferencing, multi-user virtual worlds, compressed
instructional videos, and consumer-oriented animation kits.
This paper describes our algorithms in detail and illustrates the potential
for this work in a teleconferencing application. Experience
with our implementation suggests that there are several advantages
to our hand-drawn characters over other alternatives: (1) flexibility
of animation style; (2) increased compression of expression information;
and (3) masking of errors made by the face tracking system
that are distracting in photorealistic animations.