Non-Photorealistic Virtual Environments
Author(s): Allison W. Klein, Wilmot Li, Michael M. Kazhdan, Wagner T. Correa, Adam Finkelstein, Thomas A. Funkhouser.
Proceedings: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, Kurt Akeley, pp. 527--534, July, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH / Addison Wesley Longman,
2000.
[BibTeX] 
Abstract:
We describe a system for non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of
virtual environments. In real time, it synthesizes imagery of
architectural interiors using stroke-based textures. We address the
four main challenges of such a system – interactivity, visual detail,
controlled stroke size, and frame-to-frame coherence – through
image based rendering (IBR) methods. In a preprocessing stage, we
capture photos of a real or synthetic environment, map the photos to
a coarse model of the environment, and run a series of NPR filters
to generate textures. At runtime, the system re-renders the NPR
textures over the geometry of the coarse model, and it adds dark
lines that emphasize creases and silhouettes. We provide a method
for constructing non-photorealistic textures from photographs that
largely avoids seams in the resulting imagery. We also offer a new
construction, art-maps, to control stroke size across the images.
Finally, we show a working system that provides an immersive
experience rendered in a variety of NPR styles.