Real-Time Halftoning: A Primitive For Non-Photorealistic Shading
Author(s): Bert Freudenberg, Maic Masuch, Thomas Strothotte.
Proceedings: Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 1–4,
2002.
[BibTeX] 
Abstract:
We introduce halftoning as a general primitive for real-time non-photorealistic shading. It is capable of producing a variety of rendering styles, ranging from engraving with lighting-dependent line width to pen-and-ink style drawings using prioritized stroke textures. Since monitor resolution is limited we employ a smooth threshold function that provides stroke antialiasing. By applying the halftone screen in texture space and evaluating the threshold function for each pixel we can influence the shading on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This enables many effects to be used, including indication mapping and
individual stroke lighting. Our real-time halftoning method is a drop-in replacement for conventional multitexturing and runs on commodity hardware. Thus, it is easy to integrate in existing applications, as we demonstrate with an artistically rendered level in a game engine.