OpenGL Shading Language
Randi J. Rost, Bill Licea-Kane.
Chapter 18 - Non-photorealistic Shaders, pp. 507--532, Addison-Wesley, 3rd,
2009. [BibTeX]
Painterly renderings using a synthesis of styles based on visual perception
Takashi Yoneyama, Etsuo Genda, Kunio Kondo.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry (VRCAI'09), pp. 59--64, ACM,
2009. [BibTeX]
Painting with polygons: non-photorealistic rendering using existing tools
Isaac Botkin.
Siggraph Talk, August,
2009. [BibTeX]
Perspective-aware cartoon clips synthesis
Yueting Zhuang, Jun Yu, Jun Xiao, Cheng Chen.
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, Vol. 19, No. 3-4, pp. 355--364,
2009. [BibTeX]
Ray Tracing NPR-Style Feature Lines
A.N.M. Imroz Choudhury, Steven G. Parker.
NPAR '09: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 5--14, ACM,
2009. [BibTeX]
Resolution Independent NPR-Style 3D Line Textures
Kristin Potter, Amy A. Gooch, Bruce Gooch, Peter Willemsen, Joe Kniss, Richard Riesenfeld, Peter Shirley.
Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 56--66,
2009. [BibTeX]
Skin-Aware Stylization of Video Portraits
Deirdre O'Regan, A.C. Kokaram.
Conference for Visual Media Production (CVMP '09), pp. 35--44,
2009. [BibTeX]
Vectorizing Cartoon Animations
Author(s): Song-Hai Zhang, Tao Chen, Yi-Fei Zhang, Shi-Min Hu, Ralph R. Martin.
Article: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 618--629,
2009.
[BibTeX] [DOI] 
Abstract:
We present a system for vectorizing 2D raster format cartoon animations. The output animations are visually flicker free, smaller in file size, and easy to edit. We identify decorative lines separately from colored regions. We use an accurate and semantically meaningful image decomposition algorithm, supporting an arbitrary color model for each region. To ensure temporal coherence in the output, we reconstruct a universal background for all frames and separately extract foreground regions. Simple user-assistance is required to complete the background. Each region and decorative line is vectorized and stored together with their motions from frame to frame. The contributions of this paper are: 1) the new trapped-ball segmentation method, which is fast, supports nonuniformly colored regions, and allows robust region segmentation even in the presence of imperfectly linked region edges, 2) the separate handling of decorative lines as special objects during image decomposition, avoiding results containing multiple short, thin oversegmented regions, and 3) extraction of a single patch-based background for all frames, which provides a basis for consistent, flicker-free animations.